Energy shortage and environmental pollution have always been the focus of the world's attention. The use of oil, natural gas, and electricity to heat crude oil has high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. Solar energy, as sustainable and clean energy, has become the focus of researchers from all over the world.Thus, a solar heating crude oil system was designed, and safe and easily available air was selected as the heat transfer fluid. The system consists of a solar receiver, a heat accumulator, a crude oil heat exchanger, and an electro?thermal furnace. The heat receiver receives solar radiation and the temperature rises. The air passes through the heat absorber to obtain high temperature, and the high temperature air enters the heat exchanger to heat the crude oil. A mathematical model for the analysis of the thermodynamic performance of the solar heating crude oil system was established, and the model was verified. Then, the Aspen Plus software was used to conduct thermodynamic analysis of the heatingprocess. The results show that the compressor and the preheater are the components with large exergy loss. When the pressure ratio of the compressor is 2.7, the system reaches its best state. At this situation, the thermal efficiency is 72.35%, the exergy efficiency is 73.89%, and the waste heat recovery efficiency is 72.33%.